The sf36 scoring manual 3 doesnt provide support to calculate a single measure of healthrelated quality of life, such as a sf36 totalglobaloverall score. Note that all items are scored so that a high score defines a more favorable health state. Correlation of sf12 and sf36 in a trauma population. Jul 31, 2008 the medical outcomes general health survey sf 36 is a widely used health status measure. Behavior and analysis of 36item shortform health survey. From the original 149item functional and well being profile used in the mos, a twentyitem short survey called the sf 20 was derived, but it was limited by floor effects 57. Norms for the physical and mental health component summary.
Since the sf36 is a general health assessment, it frequently needs to be paired with a more specific pro measure which can make the overall assessment process long. Short form 36 health survey sf36 statistics solutions. For the sf 36 questionnaire, which is the best way to. As expected, bi and sf36 physical component summary scores correlated stronger with the sf36 subscales pertaining to physical health spearman rho values range from. Jun 01, 2005 the sf 12 health survey encompasses all eight sf 36 scales physical function, rolephysical, bodily pain, general health, vitality, social functioning, roleemotional and mental health and can be administered in 23 minutes ware et al. The loss of observations because of missing sf12 items can reduce analytical power, increase variation in parameter estimates, and potentially lead to bias, particularly when the sf12 is the primary outcome of interest. Magnitude and meaningfulness of change in sf36 scores in.
Yet, by using the standard sf12 scoring algorithm, even one missing item will yield missing data on the sf12 pcs and mcs. It also has a low response rate in the 65 population. How to calculate variance explained by sf36 summary. These 8 variables are then normalised and added, after multiplying with a different constant each, together twice with different constants into two second order summary factors physical and mental health. The published norms and scoring procedures are based on data from the us general population.
We refer to it as a generic health survey because it can be used across age 18 and older. These measures rely upon patient selfreporting and are now widely utilized by. In addition, new zealand sf 36v2 and sf 12v2 norms and the scoring coefficients are compared with those for the united states and south australia. The 0to100 scales can also be transformed into normbased scores which translate raw scores into a position on the population distribution of scores and so requires population norms. The sf36 questionnaire is a general health questionnaire distributed by qualitymetric. The rand36 items health survey i not to be confused with the commercial mos sf36 questionnaire that contains similar questions but a different scoring system was developed by the rand. Objective to determine how often health surveys and quality of life evaluations reach different conclusions from those of primary efficacy outcomes and whether discordant results make a difference in the interpretation of trial findings. Reliability and validity of the sf36 health survey. Stata starting with version 12 can also perform sem but has.
Hypothesis data from the 36 item shortform health survey sf 36 do not follow a normal distribution and should not be analyzed using parametric techniques. The sf36v2 and sf12v2 health surveys in new zealand. Hypothesis data from the 36item shortform health survey sf36 do not follow a normal distribution and should not be analyzed using parametric techniques. Norms for the sf 12v2 are derived from 2008 new zealand general social survey data, including 8,721 adults. As part of the medical outcomes study mos, a multiyear, multisite study to explain variations in patient outcomes, rand developed the 36 item short form health survey sf 36. The 0to100 scales can also be transformed into normbased scores which translate raw scores into. Scoring the rand 36item health survey is a twostep process. The sf 12 has a different scoring protocol to the sf 36. Imputation of sf12 health scores for respondents with. The aim of this study was to examine the magnitude and meaningfulness of change and sensitivity of sf 36 subscales following orthopedic surgery. Ron hays, who worked with john ware at rand on developing the sf 36, has some free scoring software on his website.
Two summary measures can be calculated using us or jp reference populations. It was very nice article and it is very useful to sas oc learners. Stata starting with version 12 can also perform sem but has less options than r. The sf12 has a different scoring protocol to the sf36. Aggregate scores are compiled as a percentage of the total points possible, using the rand scoring table step i chart. Please complete and submit this brief survey license request so we may contact you. The sf 36 was developed during the medical outcomes study mos to measure generic health concepts relevant across age, disease, and treatment groups. For instance, it only takes 30 seconds to enter an sf36 questionnaire into merlin. Since the sf 36 is a general health assessment, it frequently needs to be paired with a more specific pro measure which can make the overall assessment process long. Also, i think there are differences in scoring for sf 12 and sf 12v2 so you need to ensure that you are scoring the right version. Comparison of methods for the scoring and statistical. First, precoded numeric values are recoded per the scoring key given in table 1. The sf36 is a questionnaire with 35 scoring categorical questions 26 categories that are summed into 8 first order summary variables.
The 12item short form health survey sf 12 was developed for the medical outcomes study mos, a multiyear study of patients with chronic conditions. As the survey uses normbased scoring, comparisons can be made among the other generic health surveys sf12v2 and sf8. This module may be installed from within stata by typing ssc install sf36. The sf 6d is a classification for describing health derived from a selection of sf 36 items. Mapping the sf12 to the euroqol eq5d index in a national us sample peter franks, md, erica i. Stata module to calculate summary statistics for the sf36 health survey instrument, statistical software components s377601, boston college department of economics, revised 22 sep 1999. Statistical software components from boston college department of economics. Tancredi, ms, and haomiao jia, phd medical decision making 2004 24.
Benchmarks for interpretation of score differences on the. Benchmarks were robust across disease groups, but varied according to age and score level. For the sf 36 questionnaire, which is the best way to analyze and show the results. Firstly, the sf 36 is an established and widely used questionnaire which has been extensively validated as a measure of healthrelated quality of life in a range of settings. This paper provides an alternative scoring algorithm for the sf 36 version 1 and the sf 12 version 1 physical and mental health summary scores. The sf6d is a classification for describing health derived from a selection of sf36 items. A novel type of analysis, topbox analysis, may add to the interpretation of these data. According to its developers, it is pointless trying to combine the two sf36 summary measures to produce an overall score of healthrelated quality of life. Also, i think there are differences in scoring for sf12 and sf12v2 so you need to ensure that you are scoring the right version.
Sf36 total score as a single measure of healthrelated. The sf36 is a generalpurpose health survey instrument published by the medical outcomes trust. Rand recommends the following straightforward approach to scoring the rand 36 item health survey. Now we divide by the 3 answered questions to get a total of 46. Mapping the sf 12 to the euroqol eq5d index in a national us sample peter franks, md, erica i. Type of clinical outcome assessment coa original language s english for the usa. Scale scores are created for persons that answer any of the items in a scale note that nemc only creates scores for person who answer half or more of the items. The sf 36 was developed in the usa to provide an eightscale health profile and two component summary scores representing physical and mental health. The 12item short form health survey sf12 was developed for the medical outcomes study mos, a multiyear study of patients with chronic conditions. If you require immediate assistance, please contact an account executive. Statas factor command allows you to fit commonfactor models.
Mar 15, 2016 the rand 36 items health survey i not to be confused with the commercial mos sf 36 questionnaire that contains similar questions but a different scoring system was developed by the rand. Benchmarks for interpretation of score differences on the sf. The sf36v2 provides scores for each of the eight health domains and psychometricallybased physical component summary pcs and mental component summary mcs scores. Correlated physical and mental health summary scores for the. Mapping the sf12 to the euroqol eq5d index in a national us. Longitudinal data on outcomes of total hip replacement thr, n 255, total. Any patient who completes the sf36 or the sf12 can be uniquely classified according to the sf6d. The sf 36 was a product of the medical outcomes study mos, a fouryear study that examined specific influences on outcomes of care 3,4. The confirm installation box appears right indicating that the installer is ready to install the qualitymetric health outcomes scoring software 4. Any patient who completes the sf 36 or the sf 12 can be uniquely classified according to the sf 6d. The short form 36 health survey is a 36 item, patientreported survey of patient health. Dear users from the physiology department, does someone know of an implementation of the sf36 questionnaire scoring in r. A physical summary and a mental summary are included in the test scoring. Ron hays, who worked with john ware at rand on developing the sf36, has some free scoring software on his website.
Many of the published articles used sf 36 to measure hrqol were reported physical component score pcs and mental component score mcs separately along with eight domains of sf 36. The rand 36 items health survey i not to be confused with the commercial mos sf 36 questionnaire that contains similar questions but a different scoring system was developed by the rand. We refer to it as a generic health survey because it can be used across age 18 and older, disease, and treatment group, as. The sf36 includes a multiitem scale with 8 subscales. The purpose of this paper is to examine if the brazilian version of sf 36 satisfies scaling assumptions, reliability and validity required for valid interpretation of the sf 36 summated ratings scales in.
Keywords sf36 population norms emic effects health status cultural differences scoring weights introduction the sf36 version 1 sf36v1,1, released in 1988, is a widely used health status measure. Of these, many are local translation or validation studies examining its psychometric. Our approach to constructing these scores is the same as the approach taken by ware et al. In addition, if national weighting data are available, two summary measures physical health and mental health may be calculated. Alternatively, factor can produce iterated principalfactor estimates communalities reestimated iteratively, principalcomponents factor. For the pain and general health scales, both the rand and nemc scoring are provided. In step 2, items in the same scale are averaged together to create. All questions are scored on a scale from 0 to 100, with 100 representing the highest level of functioning possible. Since a score of 100 represents high energy with no fatigue, the lower score of 46.
If memory serves, fred wolfe had an early hand in the matter. Data sources pubmed, contact with authors for missing information, and author survey for. It is important that a license agreement be executed prior to using or reproducing optum patientreported outcome surveys. The optum sf36v2 health survey asks 36 questions to measure functional health and wellbeing from the patients point of view. The short form 36 health survey sf 36 evaluates the functional health and wellbeing of patients. Scoring of the sf36 and sf12 was performed using software available from qualitymetric quality metric, inc. It is a practical, reliable and valid measure of physical and mental health that can be completed in five to ten minutes. In addition, each item is scored on a 0 to 100 range so that the lowest and highest possible scores are 0 and 100, respectively.
When it comes to generating actual results, the scoring method is rather complicated to calculate. Comparisons are made between new zealand norms for versions 1 and 2 of the sf 36 instrument. The sf 36 is a measure of health status and an abbreviated variant of it, the sf 6d, is commonly used in health economics as a variable in the qualityadjusted life year calculation to determine the costeffectiveness of a health treatment. If you want to specify a different disk drive and folder, click browse to select your preferred location. Sf36 questionnaire scoring for r dear users from the physiology department, does someone know of an implementation of the sf36 questionnaire scoring in r. The test consists of 36 questions and requires 10 minutes to administer. In brazil, despite the growing use of sf 36 in different research environments, most of the psychometric evaluation of the translated questionnaire was from studies with samples of patients. Sf 36 is a set of generic, coherent, and easily administered qualityoflife measures. Mapping the sf12 to the euroqol eq5d index in a national. A 1point lower score on the physical function, general health, and physical component summary scales was associated with a 1.
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